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Old 22nd November 2006, 16:44   #11 (permalink)
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Re: oxygen ccr conversions

Quote: (Originally Posted by jaap) View Original Post
Dave, out of curiosity what is your accepteable pO2-interval to maintain with this kind of CCR? I guess if one does not care to much about holding a tight pO2 then I really doesn't matter much.

How about anyplace between 0.2 and 2.0?
This ensures human safety.

All else is simply decompression calculation.


The above is a concept that many simply do not understand. Holding "precise" PP02 levels is not a goal that is a requirement.

At the low end, we have a "hard" limit to maintain conciousness. I set 0.2 as my "desired" low max, but 0.15 will maintain conciousness for a long time (as in nearly forever), and 0.1 does not involve loss of conciousness instantly. If you go to the aviation TUC tables (time of useful conciousness at altitude), 18,000 feet at altitude = approximately 0.1 PP02. Time of useful conciousness? About 30 *minutes*...

At the high end, the sport diving world has not effectively taught that this is a VERY SOFT limit. PP02's as high as 4.0 or HIGHER (!!) can be tolerated for rather a long time. THOUSANDS of hours or in water decompresion have been done at 40 feet on pure 02. Probably tens of thousands of hours... so someone is worried about a 10 second transient PP02 spike after a bolus of 02 is added by the diver? Don't make me laugh....

So, we can say that anywhere between 0.2 and 1.4 for an *indefinate* time is fine for the human animal.... the rest is decompression calculation. This can be done quite well on average inert gas partial pressures, and absolute PP02 may vary LOTS during the time of exposure. I laugh when ECCR makers talk about control to within 0.01PP02... what a joke.


On KISS systems I run the loop to 1.4-1.5 and let it drop to 0.8 and then refill. This is *plenty* tight for control. If I happen to check it and see it at 1.2 I'll add a squirt... but then again if I am composing a photo or am the subject diver in a video, I will not ruin the shot by adding gas... I just wait.

On ECCR's I bottom out very hot, often 2.0... and then it takes several minutes for the loop 02 to decay and the solenoid to begin firing. I enjoy the deco advantage...

Naturally running VR-3 or similar deals with the deco issue, and I cut tables for the lowest PP02 mix I plan to see during the dive (max inert gas fraction planned).


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Old 22nd November 2006, 20:13   #12 (permalink)
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Re: oxygen ccr conversions

Quote: (Originally Posted by Dave Sutton) View Original Post
How about anyplace between 0.2 and 2.0?
This ensures human safety.

All else is simply decompression calculation.

Dave Sutton
Sure if thats the range, np.

For ND-dives I don't care much either if its in the say 0.6-1.5 pO2 range.
But for deco I try to keep it close to (with 0,1-0,15) to the setpoint for the calcs. To many people I know get 'undeserved'-hits so I don't feel like running away too far into the guesstimate deco game.

Also isn't it pretty risky to say 2.0 is fine for any CCR-diver. A friend of mine toxed after a few minutes at pO2 of around 2.8 and I know of folks that toxed at less than 1.8 underwater.

Sure rules are only rules but I know from my own stupid misstakes that I sometimes feel dizzy when my displays read 0.1 and I somtimes start to hear a loud bashing sound when the displays read 1.8...

So why risk going to far out of the 'safe'-range.
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Old 22nd November 2006, 22:10   #13 (permalink)
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Re: oxygen ccr conversions

Quote: (Originally Posted by jaap) View Original Post
Sure rules are only rules but I know from my own stupid misstakes that I sometimes feel dizzy when my displays read 0.1 and I somtimes start to hear a loud bashing sound when the displays read 1.8...

So why risk going to far out of the 'safe'-range.

The point is that your PP02 can vary a lot and it's not an issue, Why measure with a micrometer and cut with a chainsaw? People worried about a 0.1 or 0.2 difference in a CCR don't have the big picture in mind. How close does a SCCR hold PP02? If a sliding PP02 is OK there, it's ok in a CCR too.


Two things that increased my own confidence in my own physiological symptoms of hypoxia and acute 02 tox are my chamber experiences. On one hand, I regularly do high altitude chamber training as a pilot, and get to experience hypoxia in that enviroment. In fact, the training center where I work now has a system where we input low PP02 nitrox into a mask and have the pilots wear it, while flying the flight simulator doing real emergency tasks. Hypoxia training is a routine event here, and knowing (not guessing) individual symptoms is reassuring. In the USA any licensed pilot can take a high altitude chamber ride at an air force base for a nominal charge, and all you need to do to be a 'licensed pilot' is to get a medical exam and be issued a student pilot license. EVERY rebreather diver ought to do this.

On the other end, when I worked as a commercial diver we regularly did 60 foot for 30 minute chamber runs as an 02 tox test. This was a requirement before doing 40 foot in-water 02 deco and was a company requirement. So personal knowlage is a huge confidence builder.

Not to mention the many hours spent at 30 feet on a LAR-V breathing pure 02... ;-)


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Old 23rd November 2006, 03:47   #14 (permalink)
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Re: oxygen ccr conversions

Dave

I Respect Your Long Experience, But And You Knew That There Was A But Coming, Individual Physiological Conditions Are What Required All Of The Testing You Went Through. Different Individuals Have A Different Tolerance. To Say What Is Ok For You Is Not Ok For Everyone. It Is Up To Every Individual To Determine His/her Own Limits. And Just Saying I Did It And I Survived, Is Not The Answer Most Of Us Look For.

Ps Book Me For The Home Build Charter, As Long As You Dive The Ugliest Thing Ever To Come From The Little Dive Shop Of Horrors.

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Old 23rd November 2006, 14:21   #15 (permalink)
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Re: oxygen ccr conversions

Quote: (Originally Posted by rdmmdr) View Original Post
Dave

I Respect Your Long Experience, But And You Knew That There Was A But Coming, Individual Physiological Conditions Are What Required All Of The Testing You Went Through. Different Individuals Have A Different Tolerance. To Say What Is Ok For You Is Not Ok For Everyone. It Is Up To Every Individual To Determine His/her Own Limits. And Just Saying I Did It And I Survived, Is Not The Answer Most Of Us Look For.

Ps Book Me For The Home Build Charter, As Long As You Dive The Ugliest Thing Ever To Come From The Little Dive Shop Of Horrors.

Rick

Easy answer: I will bring the worlds smallest rebreather and demonstrate it on the U-Boat or all to see. I will carry *all* of my equipment in a green mesh bag to the dive site: fins suit and rebreather included, and I will make a 130 foot dive for a 60 minute run time....



Longer answer:


Truth #1: All humans can tolerate between 0.2 and 1.2 for the indefinate period.

Within this range the only questions are regarding decompression. Not anything else. Holding PP02's tighter than the tolerance of 0.2 to 1.2 is entirely at the pleasure of the diver and is for his convenience in calculating decompression, nothing else. That is a WIDE range.



Truth #2: All humans can tolerate between <0.20 and >1.2 for a period that is "shorter" than indefinate.

Let us make the above statements so that <0.2 = 0.10 and >1.2 = 2.0 for the sake of discussing the following:


Within this range, the only question is "how long" is the shorter period. This varies, but let us state this:

(A): On the low PP02 side that time is *MUCH shorter than indefinate* ranging from perhaps 30 minutes at 0.1 to mere *seconds* at 0.0 PP02. These times are VERY well defined by looking at aviation TUC (Time of Useful Conciousness) tables, which have been produced after very detailed study. This is not a case of stating "I did it and got away with it", it is data taken from very complete military and industrial study.


Read more about TUC here:

Time of Useful Consciousness - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


18,000 feet = about 0.1 ATMA PP02 so take it from there.


(B): On the high PP02 side the time is *much longer and can APPROACH indefinate*. Based on the USN Exceptional Exposure Tables for LAR-V as well as the practice of in water decompression on pure 02 at 40 feet which is an industrial and military standard, I can state that the time is MUCH longer than many might believe. This data is *also* taken from extensive military and industrial study as well as *many hundreds* of personally conducted or observed commercial dives with substantial in-water decompression done at 40 feet on 02 followed by literally thousands of hours in a hyperbaric chamber at 40 feet continuing decompression (surface decompression technique: diver leaves 40 foot water stop early, surfaces, *runs* to chamber, and is re-pressurized to 40 feet within 5 minutes of leaving his last water stop and then continues decompression *on pure 02 at 40 feet* in the dry chamber ) made by *hundreds* of commerical divers, not guesswork.


See this also:



++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Military exposure times for the LAR V closed circuit rebreather are expressed in relation to depth.




++++++++++++++++++++++

Right outta the US Navy Dive Manual, guys.... 2.5 PP02 for 10 minutes. And that is with *military* conservatism.....

More: USN Protocol for LAR-V states that:

"one excursion dive to 70 feet can be done to 1. avoid detection 2. avoid death 3. if absolutely mandatory"


So when the bad guys are tossing in grenades at the diver he can dive deeper than the sink-depth + the lethal effective distance on the 5-6 second fuse time of the normal concussion grenade.




Follows in the logic string: If a diver makes an error in PP02 , or is unable to determine the correct PP02 of his loop, or has any other catastrophe, he would be in a FAR better chance of survival on HIGH PP02 than on low.....


These above truths are not individual... they are universal. The only *real* variability is for high PP02 tolerance. On the low side there is very little variability. Bottom line: You and I might both tox out on any given day at a different time than the other if we are on high PP02 gas, but at the low end we would both pass out at about the same time on any given low PP02 gas.



But then again, what the heck do *I* know.... I've never studied this stuff before...



Dave Sutton
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Old 23rd November 2006, 17:15   #16 (permalink)
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Re: oxygen ccr conversions

Darn it Dave.. if you don't stop it, your gonna kill off all the mystery and voodoo with rebreather diving! Then what will we do for fun?
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Old 23rd November 2006, 18:47   #17 (permalink)
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Re: oxygen ccr conversions

Quote: (Originally Posted by cstmwrks) View Original Post
Darn it Dave.. if you don't stop it, your gonna kill off all the mystery and voodoo with rebreather diving! Then what will we do for fun?
Bill

When the student is ready, the Master will appear
Tao


Think for the homebuilt rebreather charter that I'll just carry aboard a few things gathered from the home improvement store and a kilo of 'sorb, assemble a rebreather out of it in 15 minutes on the back deck of EXPLORER and then jump in. Back in an hour, and then throw the thing overboard because it represents less than $20 of parts and crap, 02 bottle included as well as the expendature of a quarter hour of my valuable time... Seriously.

And maybe we'll make a movie of the entire thing and post it here for good measure.


And so To those who think rebreathers always = cubic dollars!!




So who is in for the homebuilders charter? Think June sometime.

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Old 23rd November 2006, 21:24   #18 (permalink)
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Re: oxygen ccr conversions

Well already I can see I'll have to hold out till 007.. In June I should be in Alaska for a short visit and to do some diving with my throw away rebreather. No kidding.. I've got it down to $30.00 and that includes the 02 tank. I'll mail it up there to myself, dive it and not bother to take it home.
Sounds like a great show for utube or what ever they call it.
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Old 24th November 2006, 01:02   #19 (permalink)
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Re: oxygen ccr conversions

Quote: (Originally Posted by cstmwrks) View Original Post
Well already I can see I'll have to hold out till 007.. In June I should be in Alaska for a short visit and to do some diving with my throw away rebreather. No kidding.. I've got it down to $30.00 and that includes the 02 tank. I'll mail it up there to myself, dive it and not bother to take it home.
Sounds like a great show for utube or what ever they call it.
Bill
Arrgh!

No chance to compete! Single use O2-cylinders are too expensive here.
What do they cost over there? Or do you do it true DIY-style? PET-cylinder and stuff like that?

Or...wait a moment, I have a keg of "O3" in the basement
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Old 24th November 2006, 02:40   #20 (permalink)
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Re: oxygen ccr conversions

We *could* tell you, what we use for 02, but then......


Dave

(Holder: CEDU Honors of the Association #6, awarded 2001)

and that's a hint...


And for Dr. Bob, CEDU Director: FIT turned out at least two good grads!
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